This paper of mine focuses on the challenges and opportunities of Software Defined Networking (SDN), as well as how to select the best possible SDN controller, which will help reduce the complexity of a network, price of implementation, and the maintenance of a network in any big organisation. This is followed by a basic introduction to Artificial Intelligence and some of its important domains and their use in SDN. It has been published in the International Journal of Advanced Research Ideas and Innovation in Technology.

Algae are a large and diverse group of organisms that carry out photosynthesis by capturing energy from sunlight. Algae plays an important role in agriculture where they are used as biofertiliser and soil stabilisers. Algae can be grown in arid and semi-arid regions with minimum fresh water demand. With problems such as desertification of soil around the world(especially in agricultural regions) and climate change becoming very prominent, algae can be used for soil regeneration to efficiently combat these critical problems.

Elementary-particle Physics deals with the fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions. In the past several decades an enormous amount of experimental information has been accumulated, and many patterns and systematic features have been observed. Highly successful mathematical theories of the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions have been devised and tested. These theories, which are collectively known as the standard model, are almost certainly the correct description of Nature, to first approximation, down to a distance scale 1/1000th the size of the atomic nucleus. There are also speculative but encouraging developments in the attempt to unify these interactions into a simple underlying framework, and even to incorporate quantum gravity in a parameter-free “theory of everything.” In this article we shall attempt to highlight the ways in which information has been organized, and to sketch the outlines of the standard model and its possible extensions. Through this paper, we plan to look at Elementary Particles in detail and address the following questions:

● What are elementary particles?

● How did we come to know of their existence?

● Discoveries behind the elementary particles in bubble chambers.

● Standard Model.